This list, maintained by the MLRC Institute, lists incidences in the United States in which online speech is threatened, whether through libel suits, criminal investigations, or other means. If you know of something we missed, please let us know. For more details on this list, see “Notes and Sources” below.
Status: Subpoenas pending.
In a suit by local residents seeking to stop a proposed development in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, the developer issued subpoenas seeking the identities of several anonymous commenters on Internet bulletin boards, as well as the anonymous proprietors of the "Uptown Update" (www.uptownupdate.com) and the now-defunct "What the Helen” blogs.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation, representing the anonymous commenters and bloggers, obtained a temporary order protecting the their identities in July 2009, and in August sought to to make the order permanent.
Links and Case Documents:
EFF press release: http://www.eff.org/press/archives/2009/08/21
http://www.uptownupdate.com/2009/01/news-star-holstens-attorney-subpoenas.html
http://www.uptownupdate.com/2009/02/holstens-subpoena-requests-continue-to.html
http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=112173
Status: Pending.
In connection with a lawsuit filed by a community group in opposition to a redevelopment plan for the Wilson Yard area of Chicago, the developer subpoenaed Google for information regarding two anonymous Chicago-based blogs (www.uptownupdate.com; www.whatthehelen.com), and two additional websites operated by the neighborhood block club (www.buenaparkneighbors.org and www.uncchicago.org). The subpoenas ask for all documents pertaining to the six Uptown residents named as plaintiffs in the original lawsuit. In addition, the neighborhood organizations were asked to turn over all posts, in any form, relating to the Wilson Yard development.
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/holsten-v-uptown-update-and-what-helen
Docket: https://w3.courtlink.lexisnexis.com/cookcounty/FindDock.asp?NCase=2008-CH-45023&SearchType=0&Database=3&case_no=&=&=&=&PLtype=1&sname=&CDate=
Status: Confidential monetary settlement
In response to frustration with a development project managed by plaintiff James Jaeger and his development company, defendants Joy and Tom Okon published several critical blog posts on the North Center Neighbors blog, northcenterneighbors.blogspot.com. Jaeger brought suit for defamation based on these posts, as well as e-mails, which alleged corrupt business dealings. The case was settled, on undisclosed terms, outside of court while a motion to dismiss under the
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/jaeger-v-okon
http://chicagojournal.com/main.asp?SectionID=48&SubSectionID=141&ArticleID=4724&TM=39096.86
Status: Summary judgment granted; blogger awarded $180,000 for attorney fees
The developer of a community in central Florida sued area resident Larry Giles over his website, www.verandaparknews.com (now archived at here), criticizing the development’s spending and landscaping. Giles responded with a motion to dismiss the suit under Florida’s anti-SLAPP statute and a counterclaim for abuse of process. After plaintiffs changed attorneys and then did pursue the case, the defense renewed its motions, which the court granted. The court also entered a default verdict on the counterclaims, awarding Giles triple his attorney’s fees, a total of $180,407.69, under Florida’s anti-SLAPP statute.
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/veranda-partners-v-giles-lawsuit
http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/orange/orl-mgiles2807mar28,0,2382483.story?coll=orl-home-headlines
http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-slapp0707apr07,0,7548827.story
Complaint: http://mworlando.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/complaint-veranda-giles.pdf
Answer: http://mworlando.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/answer.pdf
Defendant’s counter-claims: http://mworlando.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/counterclaim.pdf
Other case documents: http://mworlando.wordpress.com/the/; also http://randazza.wordpress.com/2007/04/13/an-ongoing-defamation-suit/; http://www.verandaparknews.com/
Final default judgement against plaintiff: http://www.citmedialaw.org/sites/citmedialaw.org/files/2008-09-11-Final%20Default%20Judgment%20Against%20Veranda%20Partners.pdf
Opera Tower LLC v. Lechuga, No. 2008-3086-CA-01 (
Status: Dismissed by plaintiff
The developer of the
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.miamicondoinvestments.com/2008/01/29/opera-tower-llc-tibor-hollo-sues-me-for-25m/
http://www.miamiherald.com/business/story/397182.html
http://cbs4.com/video/?id=46869@wfor.dayport.com
http://www.miamiherald.com/business/story/856198.html
Complaint: http://media.miamiherald.com/smedia/2008/01/28/20/Complaint.Revised.source.prod_affiliate.56.pdf
Lexington Homes, Inc. v. Siskind, No. 2004-CA01018 (No. 04-CA-1018WS-G) (
Status: Dismissed
A housing developer sued the creator a web site (www.bad-lexingtonhomesinc.net; no longer active) that criticized the quality of its homes, saying that it led to decreased sales. The court granted the defendant’s motion to dismiss on jurisdictional grounds, since the defendants are not
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/lexington-homes-v-siskind
http://www.legaline.com/2006/03/florida-court-dismisses-web-defamation.html
http://www.sptimes.com/2004/05/01/Hernando/Builder_sues_man_for_.shtml
Order dismissing case: http://www.citmedialaw.org/sites/citmedialaw.org/files/2005-11-02-Order%20Granting%20Motion%20to%20Dismiss.pdf
Peters & Freedman LLP v. McMahon, No. 05CC11632 (
Status: Denial of defense motion to strike suit under anti-SLAPP statute affirmed, No. G038236, 2007 WL 3151681 (Cal.App. 4 Dist. Oct 30, 2007), reh’g granted (Nov 29, 2007), aff’d on reh’g, 2008 WL 391190 (Cal.App. 4th Dist. Feb. 14, 2008)
Defendants Arnold and Elizabeth McMahon maintain a web site, the
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.metnews.com/articles/2007/pete103107.htm
Appellate decision: http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/opinions/nonpub/G037871.PDF
Status: Dismissed under anti-SLAPP law
he owner of the Shybary Grand Lofts building in downtown
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/blog/2008/california-developer-sues-homeowners-libel-over-disparaging-blog-comments
Complaint: http://www.citmedialaw.org/sites/citmedialaw.org/files/2008-06-17-Shy%20Complaint.pdf
McCann v. Doe, No. CV 2006-092226 (
Status: Dismissed
After a similar lawsuit in Massachusetts was dismissed, real estate developer Paul McMann attempted to sue the unknown creator of the www.paulmcmann.com web site in
Links and Court Documents:
Order dismissing case: http://www.citizen.org/documents/mcmannvdoearizopin.pdf
Press release on dismissal: http://www.citizen.org/pressroom/release.cfm?ID=2364
Other case documents: http://www.citizen.org/litigation/forms/cases/CaseDetails.cfm?cID=371
Status: $12.5 million jury award; undisclosed settlement immediately prior to verdict.
In 2001, Orix Capital Markets, a financing division of Wells Fargo, foreclosed on an apartment complex in Louisiana owned by Super Future Equities, Inc., a Nevada-based investor group in which the controlling shareholders are members of the Rafizadeh family. Orix also won a nearly $11 million judgment against Mondona Rafizadeh. Super Future Equities sued Orix and Wells Fargo in 2006, alleging that that the defendants consistently ignored their fiduciary responsibility is issuing mortgages. As a counterclaim in that suit, Orix alleged libel, business disparagement and other claims against the Rafizadehs and their companies; one of these was a libel claim over www.predatorix.com (now owned by Orix), a web site run by then-18-year-old Cyrus Rafizadeh, which stated that Orix and Weel Fargo financed mortgages irresponsibly. On Dec. 14, 2007, the court granted the Orix and Wells Fargo’s motion for summary judgment on all of Super Future Equities’ claims, and on March 18, 2008 the court dismissed all of the counterclaims, except for the libel per se claim over the web site. Trial on that claim began on Jan. 25, 2009, and on Feb. 6 the jury awarded $2.5 million in compensatory damages and $10 million in punitive damages. Immediately before the jury verdict was announced, the parties reached a confidential settlement which involved a substantial payment to a charitable organization run by Orix, a public apology, and turnover of the site.
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29120776/
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28830348/
http://www.houston-press.com/2007-03-29/news/uh-student-investigates-orix/print
http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/021109dnbusdefame.3f3fc8f.html?npc
Ruling dismissing most counter claims: http://www.thelen.com/tlu/SuperFutureEquitiesVWellsFargo.pdf
Status: Motion to dismiss pending
Don and Terry Swartz sued the anonymous owner and posters on the “Stop Swartz” blog (stopswartz.blogspot.com), which accuses the couple of “ruining” the Old Hickory neighborhood of Nashville, Tenn. The Swartzes sell homes in the community through their web site, www.oldhickoryvillage.org; Don Swartz is also secretary of the Historic Old Hickory Village Neighborhood Association. In March 2009, the court indicated that it was sympathetic to motions to quash the effort to reveal the anonymous posters and to dismiss the case entirely.
Links and Court Documents:
http://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/swartz-v-does
http://www.tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080212/NEWS01/802120365
http://www.mediapost.com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=102307
Video of motion hearing: http://blip.tv/file/1879086
Status: Dismissed Real estate developer Paul McMann sued the unknown creator of the www.paulmcmann.com web site, which promised to feature tales of his alleged misdealings. The court rejected two attempts by McMann to unmask the identity of the site’s creator, and dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction. The court also noted that the contents of the site were actionable under Massachusetts law. McMann then sued in Arizona, with a similar result. Links and Court Documents:
http://pacer.mad.uscourts.gov/dc/opinions/tauro/pdf/mcmann_subpoena.pdf
Dugas v. Robbins, No. CA 2008-491 (
Status: Pending.
Peter Robbins, who writes the “Robbins Report” blog on the CapeCod.com community web site (www.capecodtoday.com/blogs/index.php/Robbins), was sued by an individual whom he criticized on his blog as being opposed to the dredging on
Links and Court Documents:
Case information and documents: http://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/dugas-v-robbins
http://medianation.blogspot.com/2008/08/cape-cod-blogger-is-sued-for-libel.html